2011实拍玛雅古城遗址 玛雅古城遗址高清晰照片(图组)
玛雅文明大约发端于公元前1800年，奇琴伊察则始建于公元5世纪，7世纪时占地面积达25平方公里。玛雅人在这里用石头建造了数百座建筑物，这是玛雅文明发展到鼎盛时期的产物。这些建筑不仅高大雄伟，而且雕有精美的装饰纹，显示出古玛雅人高超的建筑艺术水平。奇琴伊察的中心建筑是一座耸立于热带丛林空地中的巨大金字塔，名为库库尔坎金字塔。这座金字塔的设计数据都具有天文学上的意义，它的底座呈正方形，它的阶梯朝着正北、正南、正东和正西，四周各有91层台阶，台阶和阶梯平台的数目分别代表了一年的天数和月数。这座金字塔高30米，呈长方形，上下共九层，最上层为一神庙。这一太阳金字塔四方各有91级的石阶。台阶总数加上一个顶层正好是365，代表一年的天数。台阶两侧有宽一米多的边墙，北面边墙下端刻着一个高1.43为、长约1.8米、宽1.07米的带羽毛的蛇头，蛇嘴里吐出一条长1.6米的大舌头。每年春分秋分两天的下午，“库库尔坎”蛇影即在塔上出现。当太阳开始西斜，阳光投射到北坡西边墙上，就会映出七个等腰三角形，从上到下直到蛇头，呈波浪状，好象一条巨蛇在爬行。直到太阳落山，这条巨蛇才渐渐消失。人们赞叹这一奇观的同时，使人们迷惑不解的是，古代的玛雅人在建筑这一金字塔时，是如何预先测定这一现象出现的，为人们留下了“库库尔坎”蛇影之谜。52块有雕刻图案的石板象征着玛雅日历中52年为一轮回年，这些定位显然是经过精心考虑的。
玛雅金字塔与埃及金字塔不同之处：
1、高度：玛雅金字塔的高度远不及埃及金字塔（埃及最高的金字塔为“胡夫金字塔”，原高146米；玛雅最高的金字塔为“蒂卡尔4号神庙”，高75米）。 2、数量：玛雅金字塔的数量远远超过埃及金字塔，仅在墨西哥境内，人们就发现了10万多座金字塔。
3、外观：玛雅的这种塔式建筑从外观上看，顶部多为平台，上面建有神庙，而且可以拾级而上；埃及金字塔则是锥顶。
4、功能：埃及金字塔都是法老们的陵墓，玛雅金字塔的主要用以举行各种宗教仪式，只有少量玛雅金字塔具有陵墓的功能。
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